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Bava-Beccaris massacre
The Bava-Beccaris massacre, named after the Italian General Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris, refers to the repression of widespread food riots in Milan, Italy, on 6-10 May 1898. In Italy the massacre is also known as ''Fatti di Maggio'' or Events of May. At least 80 demonstrators were killed, as well as two soldiers, and 450 wounded, according to government sources.
The overreaction of the military led to the demise of Di Rudini and his government in July 1898 and created a constitutional crisis, strengthening the opposition. The massacre marked a height of popular discontent with government, the military and the monarchy.
==Background==
In 1897 the wheat harvest in Italy was substantially lower than the years before; it fell from on average 3.5 million tons in 1891-95 to 2.4 million tons that year. Moreover, import of American grain was more expensive due to the Spanish-American War in 1898.〔Clark, ''Modern Italy'', (pp. 126-28 )〕〔(Fatti di maggio ) in: Sarti, ''Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present'', p. 271〕 Wheat prices in Milan increased from 225 lire a tonne to 330 lire a tonne in April 1898.〔
In order to try to diminish the rising prices the government of Antonio Di Rudinì was urged to abolish the duty on imported wheat. In January 1898 the tariff was lowered from 75 lire a tonne to 50 lire, but this was generally considered to be too little and too late.〔 Street demonstrations demanding "bread and work" began in the South of Italy,〔 which already had seen widespread revolts by the Fasci Siciliani in 1893-94. In towns like Bari and Naples rioting could be suppressed, while Florence was controlled by demonstrators for a whole day.〔(Riots at Milan ), in The Cambridge Modern History (1904)〕 The situation escalated when demonstrators were shot by nervous policemen, and rioting increased.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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